Matan place is one of the four palaces in Ketapang Regency, West Kalimantan Province. The other three palaces are Sukadana Palace (Sukadana District), Simpang Palace (teluk Mlano District), and kendawangan Palaces (Kendawangan Palace). Matan Palace itself located at Muliakerta Village. Generally, the palaces sites in Ketapang Regency were not complete sites. The sites of Matan Palaces were formerly a complex of Matan Palace, big house and the Cemetery of the kings of Tanjungpura.
The Sultanate of Matan was the ancestor of the later Sultanate of Tanjungpura. The history of the Sulnatane of Matan can be divided into two periods, Hindu period and the periode after the coming of Islam.
Hindu Periode
At the time of King Brawijaya reigned in Majapahit, the crown prince of Majapahit, Prabu Jaya, was exiled by his brothers to Kandang Kerbau in Matan. The crown prince was then married a Dayak princess, Dayang Putung, and build a kingdom in Kuala Kandang Kerbau. They had three sons:
- Pangeran Prabu, titled Raja Baparung, the founder of the Sultanate of Sukadana (circa 1400 AD)
- Gusti Likar, enthroned at Meliau
- Prince Mancar, enthroned at the Sultanate of Tayan
After Raja Baparung died, his son, karang Tunjung, was enthroned in 1431. The life pattern of this sultanate at that time is agriculture and the sultanate was known as the Sultanate of Tanjungpura. In 1501, King Karang Tunjung died and was succeeded by his son, Panembahan Kalahrang. In the reign of this king, the Sutanate of Matan widened its territory so that it consisted of Tanjung Datuk, Tanjung Putting, Sintang, and Karimata, and had even made a trade relation with Majapahit.
In 1502, Panembahan Bandala was on the throne and the people’s life pattern had changed into maritime pattern. His successor was Sibiring Mambal, titled Pangeran Dibarok, because the crown prince, Giri Kesuma, was at that time still under age. Pangeran Dibarok ruled between 1538 – 1550 AD.
Islamic period
In 1550, at the time of Pangeran Giri Kesuma, who was the husband of Ratu Mas Jintan, the princess of the Sultanate of Landak, Islam was spreading across the Sultanate of Matan. The missionary was Syeh Husein. Pangeran Giri Kesuma then gave a title to the son of syhe Husein, Syarif Hasan, as Sultan Aliuddin. After Pangeran Giri Kesuma died, Ratu Mas Jintan was enthroned as a female queen titled Ratu Sukadana (Queen Sukadana).
The Dutch came to Sukadana in 1604 and fought a war with Queen Sukadana until the queen was replaced by another Queen, Panembahan Air Mala. In this periode also Adipati Kendal with his Mataram Expedition, attacked Matan (1622). Panembahan Air Mala was replaced by Sultan Aliuddin who also known as Sultan Muhammad Syarifuddin. Sultan Aliudin was the ancestor of the kings whom ruled the Sultanate of Matan-Tanjungpura afterward, namely:
- Sultan Zainuddin (1830-1846)
- Pangeran Mangkurat/Sultan Dirilaga (1846-1855)
- Sultan Zainuddin II/Iradilaga
- Pangeran Jaya Anom (1833-1845)
- Haji Mohammad Sabran (1876)
- Gusti Busrah
- Pangeran Saunan (1924-1943)
Upheavals
At the time of Sultan Zainudin, Islam had been spreading fast all over the sultanate. Hence, His Majesty was called Amirulmukminin. His Majesty established relationships with the sultans of Brunei and Johor. However, his younger brother, Pangeran Agung, whom helped him operates the administration, once launched a coup d’etat so that the sultan had to flee to Banjar.
Other upheavals occurred in 1822, at the time of sultan Muazzin. The Dutch, in collaboration with the king of Siak and led by C. Muller, attacked Tanjungpura. His Majesty removed the capital Martalaya (now Tanjungpura).
At the time of Japanese occupation, the ruler of the Sultanate of Matan-Tanjungpura was Pangeran Mas. His Majesty, who had been schooling in other city, had modernized the palaces. But he was captured and his rule was over. The Japanese also abducted and killed many of the other royal family in West Kalimantan. This was known as Peristiwa Mandor (Manor Tragedy). Most of the kingdoms, including the Sultanate of Matan-Tanjungpura, were in the state of power vacuum until the creation of Swapraja government.
At the first years of the Physical Revolution (1945 – 1950), the Sultanate of Matan-Tanjungpura was governed by three princes who later transformed to be Majelis Pemerintahan Kesultanan Matan. At the time of BFO (the federation government of ex-Nederlandsch Indische), the Sultanate of Matan was subsumed to the Resident of West Kalimantan.
The Swapraja government later transformed into a kinship relation known as IKRAMAT (Ikatan Keluarga Kraton Matan).
Parts of the palace
In the beginning, the complex of Matan Palace was consisted of:
- The Palace of Panembahan Gusti Muhammad Saunan: During the renovation by the Government of West Kalimantan Province, some elements were added into this palace. Its original roofs were made of coconut leaves of good quality, but the new roofs were considered too thin so that they will not last long.
- Resident’s House: This building now serves as the office of Mulia Kerta Village Government.
- Outside Post: This building is now gone.
- Inside Post: This building is now gone.
- Machine House: Only the floor is still exists.
- The King’s Car Garage: This building now serves as the dwelling place of one of the royal family.
- The Antelope Stable: It was a wired fenced surrounding the complex, but now is gone.
- Prison: Now serves as storage for the woods used for the renovation.
- Rice Barn: Near the garage, now is gone.
- The Kings’ Bathroom: The trenches were bad and this building is gone.
- The Town Square: During the renovation, the fences were added with elements different from the originals.
- Kopel: This building had been renovated.
- Rumah Bola: Now is gone.
- Tennis Field: Now is gone, but the renovator built a new tennis court newar the town square.
- Pillars: The remaining part is only the main pillar, while the supporting elements are gone.
- The Gates of Matan Palace Complex: The remaining part is only the foundations.
There were also other sites outside the complex, namely Rumah Besar (Big House) and the Cemetery of the Kings of Tanjungpura. Rumah Besar was formerly the dwelling place of the king’s family, but now it looks rusty, while the cemetery had been renovated.
Source: R. Puspito Harimurti, ST., Istana-istana di Kalimantan Barat, n.d., no city, no publisher.
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